I have application built with VS 2017 15.7.4, it is 64-bit command-line C++ app.
I have copied it with all dependency DLL\'s to machine with Windows 10 Enterprise 2016 L
As commenters pointed me to correct way of finding the answer: Postmortem debugging - attaching WinDbg - showed me that error was "Illegal instruction", also that instruction was "vmovdqu" which is AVX instruction. And utility CoreInfo shows that this machine CPU does not support AVX instructions. Solution is to compile without this support.