I would use extended test constructs (BASH) as demonstrated bellow. I think it would reduce the no of characters and increase readability (at least for programmers). :-)
addem() {
if (( $# == 0 || $# > 2 ))
then
echo -1
elif (( $# == 1 ))
then
echo (( $1 + $1 ))
else
echo (( $1 + $2 ))
fi
}