I made a simple ASP.net MVC web application in Visual Studio 2013, and I want to deploy it so it can be accessed from the browser on other computers on my local network. I have
You need to enable IIS on the host as IIS Express is not built with that in mind. Its for debugging purposes.
You've also not mentioned your binding configurations or your app pool settings.
Here is a comprehensive tutorial on how to publish your application using IIS IIS Video tutorial
You will need to ensure the binding that you specify is available across the network and that the connecting clients have permissions.