Each of your values is a list. The +
operator, when applied to lists adds an iterable to a list. It doesn't append a single value:
>>> [1,2] + [3,4]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> [1,2] + 3
TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "int") to list
It looks like you want to do cat_sums[cat].append(value)
.