Formatted reads and implied do

Question

In Fortran one has the option to use implied loops. They are usually used for printing and have the following structure.

write(*,\'(5I6)\') (i,i=1,20)

! output          


        

Answer 1

Format reversion is the key term here. It applies to both output and input.

Before going further, the implied-do is largely irrelevant, so I'm going to stick to data transfer statements with whole arrays. That's true for the first output where it may as well be an array with the values 1 to 20 rather than an implied-do (try it!). So,

read (*,fmt) a

is just like

read (*,fmt) (a(i),i=1,20)

when a has those bounds.

For output, the going "automatically to the next line" is part of processing output with format reversion. Once the format items have been exhausted and there remain more items to write out we go back to the start of the format. We also move onto the start of the next record. In this case, that's the start of a new line. Which gives the output

 1     2     3     4     5
 6     7     8     9    10
11    12    13    14    15
16    17    18    19    20

After every fifth item of the twenty we start a new line.

Format reversion is the same when reading. Given

read(*,'(5I6)') a

five elements of a are transferred according to the 5I6 part of the format. At that point the format item list is exhausted and format reversion occurs. Back to the start of the format and on to the next record.

To conclude

read(*,'(5I6)') a

is the reverse of

write(*,'(5I6)') a