I am using java.util.List in java for storing a results of my calculation
How can I store values for indexes bigger than maximum integer? (eg large)
The short answer is, you will not be using the java.util.List interface. You will have to implement something else.
If it was my program, and if it was not tailored for some specific supercomputing environment, then I would seriously consider using a database instead of trying to store more than two billion objects in RAM.