I am attempting to install SSDT v15.6.0 into an existing Visual Studio Team Explorer 2017 instance. When I run the SSDT installer, I can select Visual Studio Team Explorer 2017
This is how I fixed it :
[6748:674C][2020-07-29T09:44:03]i301: Applying execute package: ISVsix, action: Install, path: C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\15160B731819F56D87A626F9A2777550340022D7\VSIXBootstrapper.exe, arguments: '"C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\15160B731819F56D87A626F9A2777550340022D7\VSIXBootstrapper.exe" /q /admin /instanceIds:"5403e431" /logFile:"C:\Users\xxxx\AppData\Local\Temp\SsdtisSetup\Microsoft.DataTools.IntegrationServices_20200729093525_11_ISVsix.log" "payload\Microsoft.DataTools.IntegrationServices.vsix"
You have to combine location of the VSIXBootstrapper with vsix component location. In my case I had vsix file under C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\15160B731819F56D87A626F9A2777550340022D7\payload
I hope this at least gets you in the right direction.