How can I determine if DRM was removed from iPhone application bundle (to protect it from piracy)?
Its probably worth pointing out that there are no casual "pirates". Casual users cannot download your app from the app store without buying it. All the DRM-removal schemes require to be run on a legitimately purchased copy.
As to looking at the bundle for changes, as I recall all you need to do is step through the link-loader commands and ensure that the code bundle is still tagged as encrypted. No need to compare it with anything. You'll need to read about Mach-O file format to do this, but thats not difficult, its all documented on developer.apple.com