Is binary linked with gold linker running faster?

Question

Running simulation code using GEANT4 (large Monte Carlo C++ simulation framework, lots of shared libraries). Compiled and linked GEANT and my app with gold linker and with stand

Answer 1

Naturally, different linkers will produce different results, just like different compilers do. The result mostly depends on the optimization options that are enabled (and available) on each linker. Here is one possible reason for the differences you see, but there can be numerous others:

-fipa-icf

Perform Identical Code Folding for functions and read-only variables. The optimization reduces code size and may disturb unwind stacks by replacing a function by equivalent one with a different name. The optimization works more effectively with link time optimization enabled. Nevertheless the behavior is similar to Gold Linker ICF optimization, GCC ICF works on different levels and thus the optimizations are not same - there are equivalences that are found only by GCC and equivalences found only by Gold.

from: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Optimize-Options.html

Last but not least: there are many environmental factors that can affect the runtime besides the actual binary content. E.g., cache thrashing can have a considerable effect on the execution time. Also, set of 10 executions is too small for statistical conclusions.