I would like to pass a pointer (I am putting a file with data in memory with mmap) to processes spawned using fork + exec, but I am stuck on how to pass a pointer to the exec()
This is a big area, and you have a lot to choose from.
The key finding those solution is to search for something like Linux inter processor communication or maybe Linux IPC.
A intro into IPC can also be found in books like, Advance Linux Programming (ISBN: 0-7357-1043-0)