If "Arsalan" is not found in the pool of Strings, a "Arsalan" string will be created and s1 will refer it. Since "Arsalan" string already exists in the pool of Strings s2 will refer to the same Object as s1. Because the new keyword is used for s3, Java will create a new String object in normal (nonpool) memory, and s3 will refer to it. This is the reason why s1 and s3 don't refer to the same object.
