I am working on a project that involves parsing through a LARGE amount of data rapidly. Currently this data is on disk and broken down into a directory hierarchy:
Depending on architecture you are using you can implement different ways of caching, in the Jboss there is a built-in Jboss Caching, there are also third party opensource software that lets utilizes caching, like Redis, or EhCache depending on your needs. Basically Caching stores objects in their memory, some are passivated/activated upon demand, when memory is exhausted it is stored as a physical IO file, which are also easily activated marshalled by the caching mechanism. It lowers the database connectivity held by your program. There are other caches but here are some of them that I've worked with: