How to determine C++ function call order?

Question

I\'ll skip the headers

class X {
    int i;
    static int j;

public:
    X(int ii = 1) : i(ii) {
        j = i;
    }
    static int incr() {
        return ++         


        

Answer 1

The stream operator is simply an operator. C++ allows operators to be defined a multitude of ways. What you're seeing is the << operator for strings. What you're doing is the same thing as:

cout << "word1" << "word2" << "word3";

The expect output for that is:

"word1word2word3"

However, the evaluation order is determined by the implementation of the << operator. Usually the above is equivalent to:

   (((cout << "word1") << "word2") << "word3");

Replace the strings with functions instead and you see the first one evaluated is actually "word3". This is not strictly the case, just what you'll usually see.

   (((cout << func1()) << func2()) << func3());

Evaluation order would be func3, func2, func1, with print order the return of func1, func2, func3.