Honestly, this is may be a dupe of VS2015: Migrated project compiles, but won't run ("Debug Assertion Failed!") but that has no answer and I have more details.
I had the exact same problem. At least in my case, the problem was the /NOENTRY switch in "Additional Options" in the linker switches. This is only visible when "All Options" is selected in the linker settings. Removing /NOENTRY also removed the problem.
My original (2013) project file did have this switch; however, the 2013 build did work. So either that switch was ignored in 2013, or the whole linking process has changed. (which from the looks i assume it has quite a bit.)