I have an array of objects a=[ {v:0}, {v:1}, {v:2}, {v:3} ] ;
I do not have the index into the array, but I do have references to>
There is no "pass by reference" in JavaScript. In most cases, the objects act as pointers, not references anyway.
That unfortunately means you will need to find the indexes of the objects and then swap them using those indexes:
// swap here, assumes the objects are really in the array
const s2index = a.indexOf(s2);
a[a.indexOf(s1)] = s2;
a[s2index] = s1;
Depending on your use case, you should check if the objects indeed are in the array.