I have a document in restructuredtest like:
Header 1
========
and from some any other point (might be the same \'rst\' file or a different one
Your first link was almost correct. You need to add a label preceding the section header, separated by a blank line. See Inline markup, Cross-referencing arbitrary locations, using the :ref: directive.
In your case:
.. _header-1-label-name:
Header 1
========
Some text
Here is a section reference: :ref:`header-1-label-name`.
Here is a section reference with a title: :ref:`Header 1 with a title `.