How to write regular expression to match only numbers, letters and dashes?

Question

I need an expression that will only accept:

• numbers
• normal letters (no special characters)
• -

Spaces are not allowed either.<

Answer 1

You can use:

^[A-Za-z0-9-]*$

This matches strings, possibly empty, that is wholly composed of uppercase/lowercase letters (ASCII A-Z), digits (ASCII 0-9), and a dash.

This matches (as seen on rubular.com):

this-is-quite-alright
and-a-1-and-a-2-and-3-4-5

yep---------this-is-also-okay

And rejects:

this -is/not,soålright
hello world

Explanation:

• ^ and $ are beginning and end of string anchors respectively
  • If you're looking for matches within a string, then you don't need the anchors
• [...] is a character class
  • a-z, A-Z, 0-9 in a character class define ranges
  • - as a last character in a class is a literal dash
• * is zero-or-more repetition

regular-expressions.info

• Anchors, Character Class, Repetition

---

Variation

The specification was not clear, but if - is only to be used to separate "words", i.e. no double dash, no trailing dash, no preceding dash, then the pattern is more complex (only slightly!)

  _"alpha"_    separating dash
 /         \  /
^[A-Za-z0-9]+(-[A-Za-z0-9]+)*$
 \__________/| \__________/|\
    "word"   |    "word"   | zero-or-more
             \_____________/
              group together

This matches strings that is at least one "word", where words consists of one or more "alpha", where "alpha" consists of letters and numbers. More "words" can follow, and they're always separated by a dash.

This matches (as seen on rubular.com):

this-is-quite-alright
and-a-1-and-a-2-and-3-4-5

And rejects:

--no-way
no-way--
no--way