They seem to be synonyms, but I can\'t tell quite yet.
Basing this off the Subversion vs. DVCS debate here.
A central repository scheme mandates that everyone get their updates from one source, whereas a DVCS doesn't have that restriction.
The terms are easily conflated, because most workflows mandate that there is a single remote repository for every collaborator to base their work off of.
However, a remote repository is nothing more than another machine which you can place your Git history on. In practice, you can have a large amount of remotes, and be able to interact with them at will.