How to sort and rank a vector in C++ (without using C++11)

Question

I am trying to construct a function take takes a vector, ranks it, sorts it and outputs the sorted and ranked vector with the original positioning of the values. For example: I

Answer 1

Here is my codes using STL to achieve this in a concise way to get the rank.

template 
vector calRank(const vector & var) {
    vector result(var.size(),0);
    //sorted index
    vector indx(var.size());
    iota(indx.begin(),indx.end(),0);
    sort(indx.begin(),indx.end(),[&var](int i1, int i2){return var[i1]