Can we define the variable in c++/ c using special characters such as;
double ε,µ,β,ϰ;
If yes, how can this be achieved?
Yes you can use special characters, but not all of them. You can find the allowed one in the link below.
You can find a detailed explanation on how to built identifier (with the list of unicode authorized characters) on the page Identifiers - cppreference.com.
An identifier is, quoting,
an arbitrarily long sequence of digits, underscores, lowercase and uppercase Latin letters, and most Unicode characters (see below for details). A valid identifier must begin with a non-digit character (Latin letter, underscore, or Unicode non-digit character). Identifiers are case-sensitive (lowercase and uppercase letters are distinct), and every character is significant.
Furthermore, Unicode characters need to be escaped.