Relating an entity to a relationship proper in Neo4j?

Question

I\'m attempting to use Neo4j to model the relationship between projects, staff, and project roles. Each project has a role called \"project manager\" and a role called \"direct

Answer 1

Conceptually, a Neo4j graph is built based on two main types - nodes and relationships. Nodes can be connected with relationships. However, both nodes and relationships can have properties.

To connect the Project and Staff nodes, the following Cypher statement can be used:

CREATE (p:Project {name:"Project X"})-[:IS_DIRECTOR]->(director:Staff {firstName:"Jane"})

This creates two nodes. The project node has a Label of type Project and the staff node has a Label of type Staff. Between these node there is a relationhip of type IS_DIRECTOR which indicates that Jane is the director of the project. Note that a relationship is always directed.

So, to find all directors of all project the following can be used:

MATCH (p:Project)-[:IS_DIRECTOR]->(director:Staff) RETURN director

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The other approach is to add properties to a more general relationship type:

create (p:Project {name:"Project X"})<-[:MEMBER_OF {role:"Director"}]-(director:Staff {firstName:"Jane"})

This shows how you can add properties to a relationship. Notice that the direction of the relationship was changed for the second example.

To find all directors using the property based relationship the following can be used:

MATCH (p:Project)<-[:MEMBER_OF {role:"Director"}]-(directors:Staff) RETURN directors

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To retrieve all role types (e.g. director) the following can be used:

MATCH 
    (p:Project)-[r]->(s:Staff) 
RETURN 
    r,       // The actual relationship 
    type(r), // The relationship type e.g. IS_DIRECTOR
    r.role   // If properties are available they can be accessed like this

And, to get a unique list of role names COLLECT and DISTINCT can be used:

MATCH 
    (p:Project)-[r]->(s:Staff) 
RETURN 
    COLLECT(DISTINCT type(r)) // Distinct types

Or, for properties on the relationship:

MATCH 
    (p:Project)-[r]->(s:Staff) 
RETURN 
    COLLECT(DISTINCT r.role) // The "role" property if that is used

The COLLECT returns a list result and the DISTINCT keyword makes sure that there are no duplicates in the list.