Suppose my Azure role stores files to the role local filesystem and forgets to delete them. Can another application that uses that host in future possibly get access to those fi
No, it cannot be used by another VM, even accidentally. The 'scratch' drive that is mounted by your Windows Azure instance is another VHD - data is not written natively to disk. So, in order for another instance to read your data, it would have to mount your VHD, which is not possible.