What happens when >> operator is trying to input a value bigger than a variable can contain?

Question

I\'m pulling numbers from a text file and filling an array of type int with them.

I\'m inserting the values into the array while looping through the .txt file with t

Answer 1

The standard requires that if the input value is out of range, the nearest available value is written to the destination, and the stream's failbit is set. The specific requirement (from [istream.formatted.arithmetic]/3) is:

operator>>(int& val);

The conversion occurs as if performed by the following code fragment [...]:

iostate err = ios_base::goodbit;
long lval;
use_facet(loc).get(*this, 0, *this, err, lval);
if (lval < numeric_limits::min()) {
    err |= ios_base::failbit;
    val = numeric_limits::min();
}
else if (numeric_limits::max() < lval) {
    err |= ios_base::failbit;
    val = numeric_limits::max();
}
else
    val = static_cast(lval);
setstate(err);

Once the stream's failbit is set, it's "sticky", so further attempts at extracting data will all fail immediately until the failbit is cleared.