Conversion from built in types to Custom Classes

Question

I have a custom class that acts as an int called Integer, I would like to tell compiler how to convert certain types to Integer automatically so that I can avoid typing same

Answer 1

Write a constructor that takes int, as:

class Integer
{
   public:
       Integer(int);
};

If the class Integer has this constructor, then you can do this:

void f(Integer);

f(Integer(1)); //okay 
f(1);          //this is also okay!

The explanation is that when you write f(1), then the constructor of Integer that takes a single argument of type int, is automatically called and creates a temporary on the fly and and then that temporary gets passed to the function!

---

Now suppose you want to do exactly the opposite, that is, passing an object of type Integer to a function takes int:

 void g(int); //NOTE: this takes int!

 Integer intObj(1);
 g(intObj); //passing an object of type Integer?

To make the above code work, all you need is, define a user-defined conversion function in the class as:

class Integer
{
   int value;
   public:
       Integer(int);
       operator int() { return value; } //conversion function!
};

So when you pass an object of type Integer to a function which takes int, then the conversion function gets invoked and the object implicity converts to int which then passes to the function as argument. You can also do this:

int i = intObj; //implicitly converts into int
                //thanks to the conversion function!