What does the left angle bracket after a while loop mean in bash?

Question

The following is from /etc/init.d/functions on RHEL. I\'m trying to figure out what the __pids_var_run() function does when I came across this while loop.

Answer 1

It means that any command in the loop that reads something from stdin will read from the given file (instead of the keyboard, for example).

In this case in particular, the loop uses read line to read a single line from stdin, so when you redirect from $pidfile it effectively reads the file line by line.

To further read about redirections, here's an Illustrated redirection tutorial which is recommended by this Bash Guide by Lhunath and GreyCat.