I have setup the basic application in Blazor in Microsoft Visual Studio Community 2019 Version 16.1.3 and I have tried both of the versions of .NET Core SDK 3.0.100-preview5
In my case the problem was that I had the following package reference in my csproj file:
Removing this fixed the issue.
The following output in my build.log file helped me track this down
1>/usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk/3.1.402/Sdks/Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Razor/build/netstandard2.0/Sdk.Razor.CurrentVersion.targets(404,5): warning RAZORSDK1006: Detected Razor language version downgrade. This is typically caused by a reference to the Microsoft.AspNetCore.Razor.Design package. Consider removing this package reference.