What's the difference in notation for total participation and recursive relation?

Question

Does the double line in the following ER diagrams means total participation or recursive relation?

Answer 1

Total Participation: Every entity in the set is involved in some association (or tuple) of the relationship.

Recursive Relationship: An entity set relating to itself.

Most commonly in recursive relationships they indicate the different types of roles an entity can have (e.g., the different ways it can participate) in a relationship by writing each role above each line.

An example of this would be in a Course table with a relational table of Prerequisites

A Course could be both the Prerequisite and the Course and you would write those on each line.

Here's another example.

Assuming your textbook follows a similar pattern, I would assume that these are in fact total participation constraints.