Let say I have a thousand keys, and I would want to store the associated values. The intuitive approach seems to be something like
{
\"key1\":\"someval\",
If you know there is an upper limit to the number of keys you'll have, a few thousand fields is not a problem.
The problem is when you have an unbounded set of keys, e.g. when the key is derived from a value, as you'll have a continuously growing mapping and thus also cluster state. It can also lead to quirky searches.
This is a common enough question/issue that I dedicated a section to it in my article on Troubleshooting Elasticsearch searches, for Beginners.
In short, thousands of fields is no problem - not having control of the mapping is.