When we run a playbook, with verbose output enabled, in the ansible logs we can see something like this:
2016-02-03 12:51:58,235 p=4105 u=root | PLAY RECAP
This sounds a little like an XY problem, but one option may be to spawn a shell with the shell command and then ask for the parent PID:
shell
- name: get pid of playbook shell: | echo "$PPID" register: playbook_pid
This will give you the PID of the python process that is executing the playbook.
python