In general, the answer here is no. This would require C# to allow for having a reference to an integer (or other value-type), which it does not (and for good reason.)
The best solution I can come up with for you is to use a function with a ref parameter. Since you're trying to operate on a bunch of arbitrary integer variables anyway, you are still going to have to list them all out. How about do that with a function call, like this:
void Increase(ref int x) {
x++;
}
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
Increase(ref a);
Increase(ref b);