A program that identifies individual words in a sentence, stores these in a list and replaces each word with the position of that word in the list [closed]

Answer 1

Not terribly efficient, but two lines.

words = sentence.split()
positions = [words.index(word) + 1 for word in words]

Note that list.index(entry) will return the index of the first occurrence of entry. If you're okay with 0-based indices, then the following is pretty concise:

positions = list(map(words.index, words))