oracle has \'DESCRIBE\' to get all the details of the table like wise does t/sql has any thing.
SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE parent_obj = (SELECT id FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'table_name') AND xtype='PK'
will show table details.
SELECT * FROM sys.Tables
will list all tables
There is no describe equivalent. you might find this searching for MSSQL instead of T/SQL. Most people talking about Transact SQL are talking about stored procedures.