In a java application I need to use a specific image processing algorithm that is currently implemented in python. What would be the best approach, knowing that this script
While Joe's answer may be simple, you will have performance issue if the image is big (2 complete write and read). I am no Java expert, but according to http://wiki.cacr.caltech.edu/danse/index.php/Communication_between_Java_and_Python#Communication_through_bindings, you can developp c <--> java bindings. You can do the same with python (with ctypes or cython if you don't want to learn the python c api).
With those, you can build yourself a nice python <--> java bridge in c, and pass around a pointer to the image data (which will be faster than writing and reading it on the hard drive).