What are the major advantages of const versus #define for global constants?

Question

In embedded programming, for example, #define GLOBAL_CONSTANT 42 is preferred to const int GLOBAL_CONSTANT = 42; for the following reasons:

Answer 1

In C the const qualifier does not define a constant but instead a read-only object:

#define A  42       // A is a constant
const int a = 42;  // a is not constant

A const object cannot be used where a real constant is required, for example:

static int bla1 = A;  // OK, A is a constant
static int bla2 = a;  // compile error, a is not a constant

Note that this is different in C++ where the const really qualifies an object as a constant.