Why prototype is required even without any class declaration?

Question

If I just do it: Ex1:

#include 

int main()
{
    //try to call doSomething function
    doSomething();
}

void doSomething(         


        

Answer 1

This is a legacy from C. C is a single pass language which means that it has to do everything by only reading the file once. To be able to call a function without a forward declaration/prototype would require reading the file twice; The first time to find all the function signatures and the second time to actually compile.

C++ kept this requirement for features that were part of C, such as free functions and global variables. However classes are new to C++ and there was no need to keep the old way of doing things. So within a single class definition, multi-pass compilation is used. That's why you can do this:

class MyClass {
    void foo() {bar();}
    void bar() {}
};

But you can't do what you listed in your question.