Does a feature like \"TFS auto-checkout before checkin\" exist, so that I don\'t checkout any file until the moment I say \"checkin\", e.g. in case I only change files tempo
No. But you can do one thing - Open solution in 2 Visual Studio, One in which solution is Online and another in which solution is offline. Do all your changes/work on Offline solution. After completing your task.
Though a tedious task but a workout for your question.