Run on buffer object and change it's data by shader? [closed]

Answer 1

I'm not too knowledgeable about exactly how it's done, but I know that modifying a VBO from a shader is called Transform Feedback. You'll need OpenGL >=3.0, or OpenGL >= 2.0 with the NV_transform_feedback or EXT_transform_feedback extension.

If you need more general computation power, you could try doing some OpenCL/OpenGL interop...