I have a simple like counter code, but the changes made disappear after the page is refreshed.
Why does this happen, should this be done using PHP ?
The javascript is reloaded when the page is reloaded, so it's natural that the changes are lost as well.
You can, however, store them permanently, either in a web service, or preferrably in localStorage. Then you can retrieve from localStorage on page load.
Using PHP probably wouldn't help without storing it somewhere.
I don't think your code could be written that much more efficient.