Is there a MySQL command that I can execute which will show settings such as innodb_file_format, or a configuration file which I should check?
innodb_file_format
MySQL ver
show variables like 'inno%' should show up all the innodb settings in effect at the moment you run the query.
show variables like 'inno%'
As for files, there should probably be something like /etc/mysql/my.ini or a my.cnf somewhere.