I have looked all over the MySQL website and found no definitive answers.
With today's hardware and OS, together with MySQL's preferred Engine InnoDB, the table size limitation is 64TB. With PARTITIONing
, that can be stretched to over a hundred petabytes.
A database is a collection of tables. So, to answer the title question literally, we need to go beyond the max table size. Since there can be thousands of tables in a database, we are now into the exabyte stratosphere.
See also Hard limits in MySQL .