For anyone that finds this question in the future, as of CoffeeScript 1.9.1 interpolated object literal keys are supported!
The syntax looks like this:
myObject =
a: 1
"#{ 1 + 2 }": 3
See https://github.com/jashkenas/coffeescript/commit/76c076db555c9ac7c325c3b285cd74644a9bf0d2