There is no portable way but for windows:
#include
#include
#if defined( _MSC_VER ) || defined( __int64 ) /* for VisualC++ or MinGW/gcc */
#define howmanybytes(ptr) ((unsigned long)_msize(ptr))
#else
#error no known way
#endif
int main()
{
char *x=malloc(1234);
printf( "%lu", howmanybytes(x) );
return 0;
}