The JavaDoc for java.nio.file.WatchService
states;
The implementation ... is intended to map directly on to the native file eve
I think that you can find some information in this post Watchservice in windows 7 does not work. There is some note about file system watchers on Windows and MacOSX (author of post says that they are using polling). On Linux file system monitoring is part of a Linux kernel and it's implemented using quite nice notifications mechanism (more info about some of them can be found here)