I have a simple listview for which I have defined a custom drawable for the divider. I have defined the divider height to be 1dp. The listview is within a fragment.
By any chance, is your list item disabled via overriding isEnabled() to return false? There is a change (bug?) in Android L that causes list item dividers to be hidden if an item is disabled. I ran into this same issue, my list dividers working in everything but L, and this turned out to be the cause.
Here are some more posts where this has been discussed, as well as an issue opened up with Google:
Comments here: Disappearing divider in ListView when ArrayAdapter.isEnabled returns false
How to add dividers between disabled items in ListView? - Lollipop
https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=83055
If this is the case, it sounds like you may need to manually draw the divider with a custom view and set the divider to null on the list. I will be trying the same.