Automation of Android APK with Espresso

Question

I am trying to automate some UI of my Android application(I do not have source code so I am using the APK file) .

I have gone through tutorial provided here and also

Answer 1

The answer is yes, you can run automation test using Espresso without app source code.

Espresso is based on Android instrumentation framework, which means the automation test is built into a single test apk. This test apk is different from normal application apk:

1. There is an instrumentation registered in AndroidManifest.xml, which will be registered to Android system once test apk is installed

2. The test apk must be signed using the same signature with the application apk, in order to run automation test

3. The test apk runs in the same process as application apk

Above are the only requirements of any instrument based test framework has. So there is no dependency of source code.

But why we find most of the Espresso tutorials are mixed with source code? Because it will make the test simpler：

1. You can easily control the activity lifecycle using class ActivityTestRule.

2. You can test application defined classes easily.

3. You can test UI widgets using widget id

On the contrary, you have to write lots of reflection code to get the classes you need if you don't compile with source code. For example:

1. You have to use Class.forName to load the entrance activity and launch it

2. You have to use Java reflection to test application defined classes

3. You have to use literal information to find UI widgets, because you don't have the id of the UI widgets

I think it's due to the above disadvantages, which makes Google prefer to building Espresso test together with source code.

To sum up, it is OK to run Espresso automation test without application source code, but it's much harder and make test codes ugly.

You can refer the example project from AndroidTestWithoutSource.