I currently have this in this part of Inno script
[Run]
Filename: {app}\\bin\\vcredist_x86.exe; Parameters: \"/q:a /c:\"\"VCREDI~3.EXE /q:a /c:\"\"\"\"msiexe
I follow the "official" MS way https://stackoverflow.com/a/199783/866333. Not exactly gone viral yet but it works for me.
See Inno Setup: Verify that .NET 4.0 is installed for working code to detect just one version.
This is the best example of the code I actually use: http://www.vincenzo.net/isxkb/index.php?title=.NET_-_Detect_framework
All the above targets the .NET framework. For VCRT I would extract the redistributable from VC2010 and have InnoSetup copy the contents over to the application's target install directory. That way system files don't get altered.