I am using Cordova 3.0.0, A Samsung Galaxy S3 4.1.2 to test.
When I test the Phonegap full example for watching position : http://docs.phonegap.com/en/edge/cordova_g
Maybe this can help you :
I just discover one massive problem in Cordova/PhoneGap : - When you open the Android project built by cordova (in commandline), the requestUpdate is set at ..... 60 Seconds !!!!!!!!!!! You have a new Location every Minute ! Evenif you use GPS (enableHighAccuracy="true"). So try to set this at 1000 where you find LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER in org.apache.cordova.geolocation package -> GPSListener class !