I have a file ~/.lldbinit with a single alias:
command alias pi print (int)
But when I run my app from Xcode, the alias does not work. How
I created a .llbdbinit file just like you and reproduced your problem in my copy of Xcode 4.1. I can't get aliases to work either.
Since ~/.lldbinit is documented by Apple as supposedly being read when started up, I suspect that lldbinit file reading is currently busted in shipping versions of Xcode 4. Not sure what pre-release versions are doing, but I'd recommend filing a bug at bugreporter.apple.com.
p.s.
One thing I noticed on one blog (here; look in the "differences between OSX & iOS" section) is that lldb only works for MacOS and NOT for iOS, at least as of a bunch of months ago.