Does anyone check the domain of an email address as part of their verification steps? eg. Confirm that gmail.com exists if the user specified blah@gmail.com as their address
You could do a dns lookup on the mx record. Here's an example at Code Project:
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/IP/dnslookupdotnet.aspx
That should answer your question as asked, but as a side note I agree with @Franci that the old standby of sending a verification message is better. If someone's done everything else right to fool your validation, you're really not buying much in also checking the domain.