I work on large database (hundreds of GB) and Mysql now gives me more or less satisfaction. I hesitate to cassandra on launch.
What I want to know everything before,
playOrm is helping more and more OLTP systems get on top of noSQL systems. It is very SQL like but there are differences. You do need to partition tables that you expect to grow to VERY LARGE sizes and can then query into those partitions. You can even do joins on partitions. You keep your partition sizes the same size as typical RDBMS tables and you can scale to your hearts desire.
so for you indexing and calculation questions, I think more and more tools will be built on nosql systems. Anyways, that may be one solution to your issues.